TGF-β1（轉化生長因子β1）ELISA試劑盒 | EliKine™ Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit 貨號KET6030 (15.6 pg/ml-1000 pg/ml, 最低靈敏度8 pg/mL)
轉化生長因子β1或TGF-β1是細胞激素轉化生長因子β超家族的多肽成員。它是一種分泌性蛋白質，執行許多細胞功能，包括控制細胞生長 ，細胞增殖，細胞分化和凋亡。TGF-β 能夠產生多種效應，幾乎所有細胞類型都以某種方式對此因子作出反應。活性 TGF-β1 的不當存在與多種病理狀況(pathological conditions)有關。由於必須嚴格調節其活性，TGF-β 以非活性複合物(inactive complex)的形式由細胞分泌。該複合物由 TGF-β1 與一種稱為潛伏相關肽 (latency associated peptide , LAP) 的蛋白質非共價結合而成。 TGF-β1 和 LAP 代表前肽(LAP represent of pro-peptide)的成分，前肽在分泌(secretion)前在高爾基體(golgi compartment)後隔室中被切割。 LAP 和 TGF-β1 均由二硫鍵(disulfide-linked)連接的同型二聚體(homodimer)組成，這兩種成分的結合使 TGF-β1 失活並且無法被抗 TGF-β 抗體接近。
產品描述：TGF-β1（轉化生長因子β1）ELISA試劑盒採用兩點夾心ELISA(Sandwich ELISA)定量樣品中的TGF-β1（轉化生長因子β1）。對TGF-β1（轉化生長因子β1）特異的抗體已預先包被在微孔板上。將標準品和樣品吸取到孔中，並且存在的任何TGF-β1（轉化生長因子β1）都被固定的抗體結合。除去所有未結合的物質後，將HRP-綴合TGF-β1（轉化生長因子β1）檢測抗體添加到孔中。洗滌以除去任何未結合的HRP試劑後，將色原溶液添加到孔中，並且根據在初始步驟中結合的TGF-β1（轉化生長因子β1）的量成比例地顯色。停止顯色並測量顏色的強度。偵測範圍: 15.6 pg/ml-1000 pg/ml, 最低靈敏度8 pg/mL。可應用於以下樣品來源: Cell culture supernatants, Other biological fluids, Plasma, Serum
| Product name | EliKine™ Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit |
| Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Applications | ELISA |
| Applications notes | EliKine™ Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate TGF-β1 in samples. An antibody specific for TGF-β1 has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any TGF-β1 present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After removing any unbound substances, a biotin-conjugated antibody specific for TGF-β1 is added to the wells. After washing, proprietary EliKine™ Streptavidin-HRP conjugates is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound streptavidin-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of TGF-β1 bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured. |
| Detection method | Colorimetric |
| SampleType | Cell culture supernatants, Other biological fluids, Plasma, Serum |
| Assay type | Sandwich ELISA (quantitative) |
| Assay duration | Multiple steps standard sandwich ELISA assay with a working time of 3-5 hours. It depends on the experience of the operation person. |
| Alternative | TGFB1; CED; DPD1; LAP; TGFB; TGFbeta; TGF-beta 1 protein; latency-associated peptide |
| Kit components | • Human TGF-β1 microplate • Human TGF-β1 standard • Human TGF-β1 detect antibody • EliKine™ Streptavidin-HRP • Standard diluent • Assay buffer • HRP substrate • Stop solution • Wash buffer • Plate covers. |
| Features & Benefits | EliKine™ Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Human TGF-β1. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human TGF-β1 and analogues was observed. |
| Calibration range | 15.6 pg/ml-1000 pg/ml |
| Limit of detection | 8 pg/mL |
| Usage notes | • Do not mix components from different kit lots or use reagents beyond the kit expiration date. • Allow all reagents to warm to room temperature for at least 30 minutes before opening. • Pre-rinse the pipet tip with reagent, use fresh pipet tips for each sample, standard and reagent to avoid contamination. • Unused wells must be kept desiccated at 4 °C in the sealed bag provided. • Mix Thoroughly is very important for the result. It is recommended using low frequency oscillator or slight hand shaking every 10 minutes. • It is recommended that all samples and standards be assayed in duplicate or triplicate. |
| Storage instructions | The unopened kit should be stored at 2 - 8°C. After opening, please store refer to protocols. |
| Shipping | Gel pack with blue ice. |
| Precautions | The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product. |
| Background | TGF-β is capable of producing a variety of effects and virtually all cell types respond to this factor in some way. The inappropriate presence of active TGF-β1 has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions Because of the necessity for regulating its activity tightly, TGF-β is secreted by cells in the form of an inactive complex. This complex consists of TGF-β1 associated non-covalently with a protein designated the latency associated peptide (LAP). TGF-β1 and LAP represent components of a pro-peptide that is cleaved in a post-golgi compartment prior to secretion. LAP and TGF-β1 each consist of a disulfide-linked homodimer and the association of these two components renders TGF-β1 inactive and inaccessible to anti-TGF-β antibodies. |
| Gene ID | 7040 |
| Alternative | TGFB1; CED; DPD1; LAP; TGFB; TGFbeta; TGF-beta 1 protein; latency-associated peptide |
| Accession | P01137 |
細胞因子(Cytokine)功能
細胞因子(Cytokine)具有多種生物學功能。它是急性期反應(acute phase response)的有效誘導劑。在B細胞(B-cells)最終分化為Ig分泌細胞(Ig-secreting cells)的最終分化中起重要作用，參與淋巴細胞(lymphocyte)和單核細胞(monocyte)的分化。它誘導骨髓瘤(myeloma)和漿細胞瘤(plasmacytoma growth)生長，並誘導神經細胞分化(differentiation)。作用於B細胞(B-cells)，T細胞(T-cells)，肝細胞(hepatocytes)，造血祖細胞(hematopoeitic progenitor cells)和CNS中樞神經系統細胞。也可以作為肌肉因子(myokine)。它在肌肉收縮後排入血液，並起到增加脂肪分解和改善胰島素抵抗(insulin resistance)的作用。
炎性細胞因子
炎症由多種可溶性因子介導，包括一組稱為細胞因子的分泌多肽。炎性細胞因子可分為兩類：參與急性炎症的細胞因子和負責任的細胞因子。炎症是組織對損傷的反應，其特徵是在急性期以增加的血流量和血管通透性以及體液，白細胞和炎性介質（例如細胞因子）的積累為特徵。幾種細胞因子在介導急性炎症反應中起關鍵作用，即IL-1，TNF-α，IL-6，IL-11，IL-8和其他趨化因子，G-CSF和GM-CSF。
已知可介導慢性炎症過程的細胞因子可分為參與體液炎症的細胞因子，例如IL-3，IL-4，IL-5，IL-6，IL-7，IL-9，IL-10，IL- 13，轉化生長因子b（TGF-b），以及那些有助於細胞炎症的因子，例如IL-1，IL-2，IL-3，IL-4，IL-7，IL-9，IL-10， IL-12，干擾素（IFN），IFN-g誘導因子（IGIF），TGF-b和TNF-a和-b。炎症異常是一大類疾病，是許多人類疾病的基礎。細胞因子是宿主對感染，免疫反應，炎症和創傷反應的調節劑。一些細胞因子起使疾病惡化的作用（促炎細胞因子），而另一些細胞因子起減輕炎症和促進癒合的作用（抗炎細胞因子）。
白介素-1（Interleukin-1, IL-1）是有史以來最早的細胞因子(cytokines)之一。它的最初發現是可能誘發發燒(fever)，控制淋巴細胞(lymphocytes)，增加骨髓細胞數量(bone marrow cells)並引起骨關節退化的因素。此時，IL-1以其他幾種名稱為人所知，包括內源性熱原(endogenous pyrogen)，淋巴細胞活化因子(lymphocyte activating factor)，造血素-1(haemopoetin-1)和單核細胞因子(mononuclear cell factor)等。大約在1984年至1985年間，科學家們證實IL-1實際上由兩種不同的蛋白質組成，現在稱為IL-1α和IL-1β，它們屬於稱為白細胞介素1超家族的細胞因子家族。 IL-1β由巨噬細胞(macrophages)，單核細胞(monocytes)和樹突狀細胞(dendritic cells)產生。
IFN-γ（IFN-gamma, 干擾素-γ）是促炎(proinflammatory)細胞因子(cytokine)的原型(prototype)，由多種免疫細胞(immune cells)在炎性(inflammatory)條件下產生，特別是由T細胞(T cells)和NK細胞(NK cells)產生。它通過促進Th1細胞的發育(development)和激活(activation)，單核細胞(monocytes)和巨噬細胞(macrophage)的化學引誘(chemoattraction)和激活(activation)，抗原呈遞分子(antigen presentation molecules)的上調以及B細胞中的免疫球蛋白類別轉換(immunoglobulin class switching)，在宿主防禦中起關鍵作用。它還具有抗病毒(antiviral)，抗增殖(antiproliferative)和凋亡作用(apoptotic)。另外，IFN-γ通過促進調節性T細胞的發育並抑制Th17細胞分化而充當抗炎介質。 IFN-γ二聚體通過兩個IFN-γR1和兩個IFN-γR2亞基的受體複合物發出信號。
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